Origin of Morgan and Sarah Abraham Family in Wales

Biblical patriarch

Isaac
Isaac earthworks for the wells, imagined in a Bible illustration (c. 1900)
Spouse(s)	Rebecca
Children	Esau Jacob
Family	Abraham (father) Sarah (female parent) Ishmael (half-brother, first built-in of Abraham, son of Hagar) Zimran (half-brother) Jokshan (half-blood brother) Medan (half-blood brother) Midian (half-brother) Ishbak (half-brother) Shuah (half-brother) Twelve Tribes of Israel (grandsons) Dinah (granddaughter)

Isaac ^[a] is one of the iii patriarchs of the Israelites and is an important effigy in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He was the son of Abraham and Sarah, the begetter of Jacob, and the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Isaac's name means "he volition laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told past God that they would have a child.^{[1] [two]} He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only i who did not move out of Canaan.^[two] According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs.^[2]

After a century of exhaustive archaeological investigation, no evidence has been found for a historical Isaac.^[3]

Etymology [edit]

The anglicized name "Isaac" is a transliteration of the Hebrew term יִצְחָק‎ ( Yīṣḥāq ) which literally ways "He laughs/will express mirth." Ugaritic texts dating from the 13th century BCE refer to the benevolent grinning of the Canaanite deity El.^[iv] Genesis, however, ascribes the laughter to Isaac's parents, Abraham and Sarah, rather than El. Co-ordinate to the biblical narrative, Abraham fell on his face and laughed when God (Hebrew, Elohim) imparted the news of their son'due south eventual birth. He laughed because Sarah was past the age of childbearing; both she and Abraham were advanced in historic period. After, when Sarah overheard three messengers of the Lord renew the promise, she laughed inwardly for the aforementioned reason. Sarah denied laughing when God questioned Abraham about it.^{[1] [5] [half dozen]}

Genesis narrative [edit]

Birth [edit]

Afterward God changes Abram and Sarai'south names to Abraham and Sarah, he tells Abraham that he will deport a second son by Sarah named Isaac, with whom a new covenant would exist established. In response, Abraham began to laugh, as both he and Sarah were well beyond natural changeable age.^[7] Some time later, three men who Abraham identifies as messengers of God visit him and Sarah, and Abraham treats them to nutrient and hymeneals. They repeat the prophecy that Sarah would acquit a child, promising Isaac'due south birth inside a year's fourth dimension, at which point Sarah laughs in atheism.^[8] God questions why the pair laughed in atheism at his words, and if information technology is because they believe such things were not inside his power. Now agape, they futilely deny e'er having laughed at God's words.^[nine]

Time passes as Isaac is born.^[10] Although this was Abraham'southward second son^[11] (Abraham'due south outset son was Ishmael, with Hagar) it was Sarah'southward showtime and merely child.

On the eighth day from his birth, Isaac was circumcised, as was necessary for all males of Abraham's household, in guild to be in compliance with Yahweh'southward covenant.^[12]

After Isaac had been weaned, Sarah saw Ishmael mocking, and urged her husband to cast out Hagar the bondservant and her son, so that Isaac would exist Abraham's sole heir. Abraham was hesitant, but at God's gild he listened to his wife's asking.^[13]

Binding [edit]

At some point in Isaac's youth, his begetter Abraham took him to Mount Moriah. At God'south command, Abraham was to build a sacrificial altar and sacrifice his son Isaac upon it. Later on he had spring his son to the altar and drawn his knife to kill him, at the last moment an angel of God prevented Abraham from proceeding. Instead, he was directed to cede a nearby ram that was stuck in thickets.

Family life [edit]

Before Isaac was 40 (Gen 25:twenty) Abraham sent Eliezer, his steward, into Mesopotamia to find a wife for Isaac, from his nephew Bethuel's family unit. Eliezer chose the Aramean Rebekah for Isaac. After many years of marriage to Isaac, Rebekah had withal not given nascence to a child and was believed to be barren. Isaac prayed for her and she conceived. Rebekah gave birth to twin boys, Esau and Jacob. Isaac was sixty years quondam when his two sons were born.^[14] Isaac favored Esau, and Rebekah favored Jacob.^[15]

The narratives nearly Isaac do not mention him having concubines.^[sixteen]

Migration [edit]

Isaac moved to Beer-lahai-roi after his father died.^[17] When the land experienced famine, he moved to the Philistine land of Gerar where his begetter one time lived. This land was however under the control of King Abimelech as it was in the days of Abraham. Similar his father, Isaac also deceived Abimelech about his wife and likewise got into the well business organisation. He had gone dorsum to all of the wells that his father dug and saw that they were all stopped up with earth. The Philistines did this later Abraham died. So, Isaac unearthed them and began to dig for more wells all the way to Beersheba, where he made a pact with Abimelech, only like in the twenty-four hours of his father.^[18]

Birthright [edit]

Isaac grew former and became blind. He called his son Esau and directed him to procure some venison for him, in order to receive Isaac's blessing. While Esau was hunting, Jacob, afterwards listening to his female parent's advice, deceived his blind father past misrepresenting himself every bit Esau and thereby obtained his father's blessing, such that Jacob became Isaac's primary heir and Esau was left in an inferior position. According to Genesis 25:29–34, Esau had previously sold his birthright to Jacob for "bread and stew of lentils". Thereafter, Isaac sent Jacob into Mesopotamia to take a wife of his mother'due south brother'southward house. Later 20 years working for his uncle Laban, Jacob returned home. He reconciled with his twin brother Esau, then he and Esau buried their father, Isaac, in Hebron subsequently he died at the historic period of 180.^{[nineteen] [20]}

Family tree [edit]

Terah

Sarah[21]

Abraham

Hagar

Haran

Nahor

Ishmael

Milcah

Lot

Iscah

Ishmaelites

seven sons[22]

Bethuel

1st girl

2d daughter

Isaac

Rebecca

Laban

Moabites

Ammonites

Esau

Jacob

Rachel

Bilhah

Edomites

Zilpah

Leah

one. Reuben ii. Simeon 3. Levi iv. Judah nine. Issachar 10. Zebulun Dinah(daughter)

7. Gad 8. Asher

5. Dan half dozen. Naphtali

11. Joseph 12. Benjamin

Burial site [edit]

According to local tradition, the graves of Isaac and Rebekah, along with the graves of Abraham and Sarah and Jacob and Leah, are in the Cavern of the Patriarchs.

Jewish views [edit]

In rabbinical tradition, the age of Isaac at the time of binding is taken to exist 37, which contrasts with common portrayals of Isaac as a child.^[23] The rabbis also thought that the reason for the death of Sarah was the news of the intended sacrifice of Isaac.^[23] The sacrifice of Isaac is cited in appeals for the mercy of God in later Jewish traditions.^[24] The post-biblical Jewish interpretations often elaborate the role of Isaac beyond the biblical clarification and primarily focus on Abraham's intended sacrifice of Isaac, called the aqedah ("binding").^[4] According to a version of these interpretations, Isaac died in the sacrifice and was revived.^[4] According to many accounts of Aggadah, unlike the Bible, information technology is Satan who is testing Isaac every bit an agent of God.^[25] Isaac's willingness to follow God's command at the toll of his death has been a model for many Jews who preferred martyrdom to violation of the Jewish police.^[23]

According to the Jewish tradition, Isaac instituted the afternoon prayer. This tradition is based on Genesis chapter 24, poesy 63^[26] ("Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide").^[23]

Isaac was the just patriarch who stayed in Canaan during his whole life and though once he tried to exit, God told him not to do then.^[27] Rabbinic tradition gave the caption that Isaac was almost sacrificed and anything dedicated as a sacrifice may not leave the Land of Israel.^[23] Isaac was the oldest of the biblical patriarchs at the fourth dimension of his expiry, and the only patriarch whose proper noun was not changed.^{[4] [28]}

Rabbinic literature also linked Isaac'south blindness in one-time age, equally stated in the Bible, to the sacrificial bounden: Isaac'due south eyes went blind because the tears of angels nowadays at the time of his sacrifice fell on Isaac's eyes.^[25]

Christian views [edit]

Isaac embraces his father Abraham afterwards the Binding of Isaac. Early 1900s Bible analogy.

The early Christian church connected and developed the New Attestation theme of Isaac as a type of Christ and the Church building being both "the son of the promise" and the "father of the faithful". Tertullian draws a parallel between Isaac's bearing the wood for the sacrificial fire with Christ'southward carrying his cross.^[29] and there was a general agreement that, while all the sacrifices of the Erstwhile Law were anticipations of that on Calvary, the sacrifice of Isaac was and then "in a pre-eminent way".^[30]

The Eastern Orthodox Church building and the Roman Catholic Church consider Isaac every bit a saint along with other biblical patriarchs.^[31] Along with those of other patriarchs and the Old Testament Righteous, his banquet day is celebrated in the Eastern Orthodox Church building and the Byzantine rite of the Catholic Church on the 2d Sun before Christmas (December 11–17), under the championship the Sunday of the Forefathers.^{[32] [33]}

Isaac is commemorated in Catholic Church on 25 March^[34] or on 17 December.^[35]

New Testament [edit]

The New Testament states Isaac was "offered upwards" by his father Abraham, and that Isaac blessed his sons.^[28] Paul assorted Isaac, symbolizing Christian freedom, with the rejected older son Ishmael, symbolizing slavery;^{[iv] [36]} Hagar is associated with the Sinai covenant, while Sarah is associated with the covenant of grace, into which her son Isaac enters. The Epistle of James chapter 2, verses 21–24,^[37] states that the sacrifice of Isaac shows that justification (in the Johannine sense) requires both faith and works.^[38]

In the Epistle to the Hebrews, Abraham'southward willingness to follow God'south control to sacrifice Isaac is used as an example of faith equally is Isaac's action in approving Jacob and Esau with reference to the hereafter promised by God to Abraham.^[39] In verse nineteen, the author views the release of Isaac from cede as analogous to the resurrection of Jesus, the idea of the cede of Isaac being a prefigurement of the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross.^[40]

Islamic views [edit]

Islam considers Isaac (Standard arabic:اسحاق Ishaaq) a prophet of Islam, and describes him as the begetter of the Israelites and a righteous servant of God.

Isaac, along with Ishmael, is highly important for Muslims for standing to preach the bulletin of monotheism after his male parent Abraham. Among Isaac'due south children was the follow-upward Israelite patriarch Jacob, who is also venerated equally an Islamic prophet.

Isaac is mentioned seventeen times by name in the Quran, often with his father and his son, Jacob.^[41] The Quran states that Abraham received "good tidings of Isaac, a prophet, of the righteous", and that God blest them both (37: 112). In a fuller clarification, when angels came to Abraham to tell him of the future penalisation to be imposed on Sodom and Gomorrah, his wife, Sarah, "laughed, and We gave her expert tidings of Isaac, and later on Isaac of (a grandson) Jacob" (eleven: 71–74); and it is farther explained that this event volition accept identify despite Abraham and Sarah's old age. Several verses speak of Isaac as a "souvenir" to Abraham (vi: 84; fourteen: 49–50), and 24: 26–27 adds that God made "prophethood and the Book to be among his offspring", which has been interpreted to refer to Abraham's ii prophetic sons, his prophetic grandson Jacob, and his prophetic great-grandson Joseph. In the Quran, it later on narrates that Abraham also praised God for giving him Ishmael and Isaac in his onetime age (14: 39–41).

Elsewhere in the Quran, Isaac is mentioned in lists: Joseph follows the faith of his forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (12: 38) and speaks of God's favor to them (12: 6); Jacob'due south sons all testify their organized religion and promise to worship the God that their forefathers, "Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac", worshiped (2: 127); and the Quran commands Muslims to believe in the revelations that were given to "Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Patriarchs" (2: 136; iii: 84). In the Quran's narrative of Abraham's near-cede of his son (37: 102), the name of the son is not mentioned and debate has continued over the son'due south identity, though many feel that the identity is the least important element in a story which is given to show the courage that i develops through faith.^[42]

Quran [edit]

The Quran mentions Isaac as a prophet and a righteous man of God. Isaac and Jacob are mentioned equally being bestowed upon Abraham as gifts of God, who then worshipped God only and were righteous leaders in the way of God:

And We bestowed on him Isaac and, as an additional gift, (a grandson), Jacob, and We fabricated righteous men of every 1 (of them).
And Nosotros made them leaders, guiding (men) by Our Command, and Nosotros sent them inspiration to do good deeds, to establish regular prayers, and to practise regular clemency; and they constantly served Us (and Us only).

And Nosotros gave him the glad tidings of Isaac, a Prophet, and one of the righteous.

Academic [edit]

Some scholars accept described Isaac as "a legendary figure" or "as a figure representing tribal history, or "as a seminomadic leader."^[45] The stories of Isaac, like other patriarchal stories of Genesis, are mostly believed to have "their origin in folk memories and oral traditions of the early Hebrew pastoralist experience."^[46] The Cambridge Companion to the Bible makes the following comment on the biblical stories of the patriarchs:

Yet for all that these stories maintain a distance between their world and that of their fourth dimension of literary growth and composition, they reflect the political realities of the subsequently periods. Many of the narratives deal with the relationship betwixt the ancestors and peoples who were role of State of israel's political world at the fourth dimension the stories began to exist written down (eighth century B.C.E.). Lot is the ancestor of the Transjordanian peoples of Ammon and Moab, and Ishmael personifies the nomadic peoples known to have inhabited northward Arabia, although located in the One-time Testament in the Negev. Esau personifies Edom (36:1), and Laban represents the Aramean states to Israel'south north. A persistent theme is that of difference between the ancestors and the indigenous Canaanites… In fact, the theme of the differences between Judah and Israel, as personified by the ancestors, and the neighboring peoples of the time of the monarchy is pressed effectively into theological service to articulate the choosing by God of Judah and Israel to bring blessing to all peoples."^[47]

According to Martin Noth, a scholar of the Hebrew Bible, the narratives of Isaac date back to an older cultural stage than that of the West-Jordanian Jacob.^[45] At that era, the Israelite tribes were not yet sedentary. In the grade of looking for grazing areas, they had come in contact in southern Philistia with the inhabitants of the settled countryside.^[45] The biblical historian A. Jopsen believes in the connection betwixt the Isaac traditions and the due north, and in support of this theory adduces Amos 7:nine ("the high places of Isaac").^[45]

Albrecht Alt and Martin Noth hold that, "The figure of Isaac was enhanced when the theme of promise, previously spring to the cults of the 'God the Fathers' was incorporated into the Israelite creed during the southern-Palestinian stage of the growth of the Pentateuch tradition."^[45] According to Martin Noth, at the Southern Palestinian phase of the growth of the Pentateuch tradition, Isaac became established as i of the biblical patriarchs, but his traditions were receded in the favor of Abraham.^[45]

In art [edit]

The earliest Christian portrayal of Isaac is plant in the Roman catacomb frescoes.^[48] Excluding the fragments, Alison Moore Smith classifies these artistic works in three categories:

Abraham leads Isaac towards the altar; or Isaac approaches with the packet of sticks, Abraham having preceded him to the place of offering .... Abraham is upon a pedestal and Isaac stands near at hand, both figures in orant attitude .... Abraham is shown well-nigh to sacrifice Isaac while the latter stands or kneels on the footing beside the altar. Sometimes Abraham grasps Isaac past the hair. Occasionally the ram is added to the scene and in the afterwards paintings the Hand of God emerges from in a higher place.^[48]

See besides [edit]

• Biblical and Quranic narratives
• Testament of Isaac
• Married woman–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis – three such narratives, involving Abraham (two) and Isaac (one)

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ; Hebrew: יִצְחָק‎‎, Modern: Yīṣḥáq , Tiberian: Yīṣḥāq ; Greek: Ἰσαάκ, Isaák; Arabic: إسحٰق/إسحاق, Isḥāq ; Amharic: ይስሐቅ

Citations [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Genesis 17:xv–19 18:10–15
2. ^ ^{a b c} deClaise-Walford 2000, p. 647.
3. ^ Dever, William G. (2001-05-10). What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archaeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Aboriginal Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN978-0-8028-2126-3.
4. ^ ^{a b c d east} Encyclopedia of Organized religion, Isaac.
5. ^ Vocalist, Isidore; Broydé, Isaac (1901–1906). "Isaac". In Singe, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
6. ^ Hirsch, Emil G.; Bacher, Wilhelm; Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel; Jacobs, Joseph; Montgomery, Mary West. (1901–1906). "Sarah (Sarai)". In Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
7. ^ Genesis 17:15–19
8. ^ Genesis 18:10–12
9. ^ Genesis 18:13–xv
10. ^ Genesis 21:1–seven
11. ^ Genesis sixteen:15
12. ^ Genesis 21:ane–5
13. ^ Genesis 21:8–12
14. ^ Genesis 25:26
15. ^ Genesis 25:20–28
16. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 10, p. 34.
17. ^ Genesis 25:11
18. ^ Genesis 26
19. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Isaac.
20. ^ Genesis 35:28–29
21. ^ Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham (Genesis 20:12). An culling tradition holds that she was Abraham'due south niece (run into Sarah#In rabbinic literature).
22. ^ Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
23. ^ ^{a b c d e} The New Encyclopedia of Judaism, Isaac.
24. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Isaac.
25. ^ ^{a b} Brock, Sebastian P., Brill's New Pauly, Isaac.
26. ^ Genesis 24:63
27. ^ Genesis 26:2
28. ^ ^{a b} Easton, M. Yard., Illustrated Bible Lexicon, 3rd ed., Isaac.
29. ^ Cross and Livingstone, Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 1974, art Isaac
30. ^ Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Doctrines, A & C Black, 1965. p. 72
31. ^ The patriarchs, prophets and sure other Quondam Attestation figures have been and always volition be honored every bit saints in all the Church building's liturgical traditions. – Catechism of the Catholic Church building 61
32. ^ "Sunday of the Forefathers - OrthodoxWiki".
33. ^ Liturgy > Liturgical year >The Christmas Fast – Byzantine Cosmic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh
34. ^ "Izaak". DEON.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-03-03 .
35. ^ Zeno. "Lexikoneintrag zu »Isaac, S. (two)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Ring 3. Augsburg ..." world wide web.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 2022-03-03 .
36. ^ Galatians 4:21–31
37. ^ James 2:21–24
38. ^ Encyclopedia of Christianity, Bowden, John, ed., Isaac.
39. ^ Hebrews 11:17–20
40. ^ see F.F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews Marshall. Morgan and Scott, 1964 pp. 308–xiii for all this paragraph.
41. ^ Watt, W. Montgomery. "Isaac". Encyclopedia of Islam. Brill.
42. ^ Glasse, C. (1991). "Isaac". Curtailed Encyclopedia of Islam. HarperSanFrancisco. p. 472. ISBN9780060631260.
43. ^ Quran 21:72
44. ^ Quran 37:112
45. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milic; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Barrett, David B.; Mbiti, John (2005). "Isaac". Encyclopedia of Christianity. Eerdmans. p. 744. ISBN9780802824165.
46. ^ "Isaac". Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Columbia University Press. 1935. pp. iii, 200.
47. ^ Lumby, Joseph Rawson (1893). Chilton, Bruce; Kee, Howard Clark; Meyers, Eric 1000.; Rogerson, John; Levine, Amy-Jill; Saldarini, Anthony J. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to the Bible: Containing the Construction, Growth and ... Cambridge Academy Press. p. 59. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139167376. ISBN9781139167376.
48. ^ ^{a b} Smith, Alison Moore (1922). "The Iconography of the Sacrifice of Isaac in Early on Christian Fine art". American Journal of Archæology. 26 (2): 159–73. doi:x.2307/497708. JSTOR 497708. S2CID 191366399.

References [edit]

• Browning, W.R.F (1996). A Dictionary of the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-211691-8.
• Paul Lagasse; Lora Goldman; Archie Hobson; Susan R. Norton, eds. (2000). The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Gale Group. ISBN978-1-59339-236-ix.
• P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; Eastward. van Donzel; Due west.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
• Erwin Fahlbusch; William Geoffrey Bromiley, eds. (2001). Encyclopedia of Christianity (1st ed.). Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill. ISBN978-0-8028-2414-i https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2.
• John Bowden, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Christianity (1st ed.). Oxford Academy Press. ISBN978-0-19-522393-4.
• The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated; Rev Ed edition. 2005. ISBN978-1-59339-236-ix.
• Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (2005). "Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān". Encyclopedia of the Qur'an. Brill Bookish Publishers. ISBN978-90-04-12356-4.
• Geoffrey Wigoder, ed. (2002). "The New Encyc of Judaism Ideology SALES But". The New Encyclopedia of Judaism (2nd ed.). New York University Press. ISBN978-0-8147-9388-vi.
• Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Organized religion (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference Books. ISBN978-0-02-865733-2 https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2.
• deClaise-Walford, Nancy (2000). "Isaac". In David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers; Astrid B. Beck (eds.). Eerdmans Lexicon of the Bible . Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN978-0-8028-2400-4.

External links [edit]

• Isaac in Jewish Encyclopedia
• Abraham's son as the intended sacrifice (Al-Dhabih, Qur'an 37:99, Qur'an 37:99–113): Issues in qur'anic exegesis, periodical of Semitic Studies XXX1V/ Spring 1989
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Isaac". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Visitor.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Isaac". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge Academy Press.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac

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